What you want, for goals #1 through #3, are simply disk and tape images, as commonly used with all the major simulators/emulators and tools. #4 and #5 are not part of the disk and tape images themselves, but you layer on top with checksums (Aka md5sum's) and geographically diverse storage networks etc. It's important not to confuse the image, with the media on which the image may currently be residing. A well-thought out image container format will outlast many generations of media. (And indeed have; RT-11 Logical Disk containers have existed since the 70's, and DECUS TPC-style tape images for nearly that long). This is why #1-#3 have to be decoupled from #4 and #5.