To solve the problem, they
created VHDL, a complex language used to describe the behavior of the
parts, from the very high level to the very low. It does not detail any
of the internal structure of the chips - just behavior.
Actually, VHDL can describe designs at any of several levels, including
a range from pure behavioral, as you suggest, to pure structural.
The most common uses of VHDL seem to be somewhere inbetween. Pure
behavioral descriptions are fine for simulation but don't tend to work
well for synthesis, so large designs are usually built as structural
descriptions of smaller behavioral subdesigns.