I remember using gopher circa 1993 and also something
called Archie.
 Was Archie just a name for specific gopher service, or a totally
 different animal? 
The latter.  It was basically a search engine that indexed
anonymously-FTPable file names (not contents).  (I know because I knew
the creators; I even had the honour to be slightly involved - I gave
them an algorithm for doing fast string searches.)
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