On Jun 19,  2:53, Tony Duell wrote:
  It doesn't matter (IMHO) _why_ Macro-11 was
included, the fact is that it
 was. And it's possible to write programs in Macro-11, so it counts as a
 programming tool.
 For the unices mentioned earlier, I believe that cc, an assembler, etc
 were _not_ included with the OS. So there is no way of writing programs
 with the software as supplied. 
Usually there would be only part of the compiler, and a linker, but no
assembler; and in some cases the linker would be a cut-down version.  For
example, in IRIX, you only need to able to link COFF executables to rebuild
the kernel, whereas the normal linker/loader handles ELF executables.
--
Pete                                            Peter Turnbull
                                                Dept. of Computer Science
                                                University of York