Well, broadcasters do, for many purposes, have the status of super-citizens. In today's FCC, all you need to do is have enough cash in hand and you can get the government to sell you whatever chunk of radio/microwave spectrum you decide are necessary. It doesn't matter that the new services stomp all over bands that were previously reserved for medical equipment or radio astronomy - after all, what does it matter whether In shared bandwidth applications, modes that can obliterate existing services usually are tightly regulated. There's also the matter of "encrypted transmissions", too. For example, the ARRL had a special waiver written into FCC Part 97 that allows them to send 5-character Morse Code groups solely for the purpose of practice. And when I got started in RTTY, only Baudot transmissions were allowed on the ham bands - ASCII wasn't an approved encoding until a few years later. Thank you! I knew the EBS replacement wasn't called EBS anymore, but I couldn't quite remember what it was called. -- Tim Shoppa Email: shoppa(a)trailing-edge.com Trailing Edge Technology WWW: http://www.trailing-edge.com/ 7328 Bradley Blvd Voice: 301-767-5917 Bethesda, MD, USA 20817 Fax: 301-767-5927