---snip--- Hi Allison Yes, eproms were expensive. I did this also to get my first level of bootstrap running and saved to the disk. I'll admit that I did take advantage of having a PC laptop to use as large external data storage to minimize the amount of toggling. Still, I made a formatting program, first level bootstrap and BIOS through the front panel with the serial input. I used no monitor program, just a simple serial-input-to-memory program that I toggled in. I can imagine how much more effort there would have been without the external mass storage. Even a minimum of toggling and paper tape would be quite painful. You always wonder if the program you just toggled in is going the wipe out all the work you previously entered. Or worse, wipe out a CP/M distribution disk. As you state, normal turnkey used boot ROMs/EPROMs. One might consider my setup to be turnkey but it isn't a normal turnkey. There is no boot ROM/EPROM. It just uses the normal reset of the controller without main CPU interaction. It is not fully automatic since I do need to hit the reset and wait for the disk to complete before enabling the computer to go. Almost full turnkey. Dwight PS As Joe mentioned, I did go off subject and should have started another thread. For that I apologize.