Subject: Re: small valves
From: ard at p850ug1.demon.co.uk (Tony Duell)
Date: Sat, 23 Apr 2005 01:49:12 +0100 (BST)
To: cctalk at
classiccmp.org
I have an RCA AM broadcast Battery/mains radio
that I still use.
Works well. The multivoltage battery though bad supplied the
authentic looking cover for a box I'd made using uses NiCds
to run a switchmode supply to provide the A,B and C voltages
required. Runs for hours on that too.
I'm suprised it needs a separate C supply. UK sets all used self-bias by
this time, I think. C (grid bias) batteries were not used for radios much
after the 1930 in the UK.
Myself as well. The design of this radio is early 50s. I have a similar
circuits from the 1960 RCA tube manual that require only A and B(HT) voltages.
However this radio had a battery based on destructive examination and markings
that provided 7.5V, 1.5V and 90V. So the likely case is "C" voltage or as
yet unexamined posibility, a seperate heater supply for the audio output tube.
Either way I implmented the power supply to provide the voltages as the battery
did only from a switchmode controller and a few NiCds as they are rechargeable.
I then package it and wrapped the old printed cardboard around it for realism.
I might add the radio is 10" wide, 7" high and about 4" deep and as AM(MW)
goes
sounds decent.
The batteriers are long-since unobtainable (at least
not easily). I run it
from the mains. The LT is triival to get from my bench aupply. For HT,
I've made a little PSU from common components that gives about 85V (high
enough for the set to work well). It's just a 30V transformer feeding a
voltage doubler circuit. Much easier to get a 30V transformer than
something of a higher voltage now.
Sound way to go. One of the homebrew designs uses a 45V transformer out
of an old printer with a doubler to 110V HT and a seperate one for
the 12.6V heaters.
I must try the circuit that was in Elektor a couple of
months back to get
90V from low-voltage batteries.
Unfamiliar, Elektor is not seen here in USA.
Back OT:
Anywho valves(tubes) left the computing realm early due to size, cooling
and power. The side effects were that physically small circuits for
computing were hard to achieve. It also limited speed due to the amount
of interconnect wiring required to get signals routed.
As to rad hard, there are really two different but related problems
for the engineer. One is EMF the other is ionization from high
energy particles. EMP as commonly seen is lightning, a high energy pulse
that causes a very fast rise and fall time magnetic field and any wires
in that field recieve an induced voltages and currents. If the devices
are rugged enough they survive. Tubes often qualify there, solidstate
devices are often less rugged and are more likely to fail. EMP is also
associated with a atomic detonation, the same magnetic effects. The other
problem of high energy particles such as Beta and Gamma rays can be from
relatively low energy sources and are found in the Van Allen Belt (orbital
space), Space itself due to solar activity and around unshielded nuclear
materials. The problems associated with radiation is ionization. In
semicunductors unwanted ionization will effectively short the device by
creating leakage paths in the device (ICs are more susceptable than raw
transistors) and also creating small control voltages at active nodes
such as the base or gate of a transistor or by depleting or creating a
charge where capacitive node are used (DRAMS and microprocessors that
use dynamic logic). Device that have high thresholds such as CMOS and
tubes are more resistant than TTL and Nmos. It also follows that static
logic built with high threshold devices tends to be more resistant.
Examples of devices used in EMP risk and environments with high
radiation are Tubes, core memory, CMOS micros like 1802, 80C85,
80C188, ARM in CMOS. Core is actually EMP hard and RAD hard due to
the closed magnetic nature of each of those thousands of little rings
though the surrounding logic has to be handled as a seperate system
issue as it's often built with ICs that need protection. The common
need for proven RAD (radiation) hard and EMP hard is satelites as they
are exposed to radiation and EMP from a variety of sources noteably
including the sun. Many Sats have been killed by EMP and/or RAD
from solar storms.
Allison
Kb1gmx