For linear wall-warts, the transformer primary is
_supposed_
to burn out in a safe manner if the thing is overloaded. My
(accindental) experience is that they do not. The transformer
can get hot enough to soften the plastic case, but it does not burn out.
I thought that many (most?) wall warts were "impedance protected".
i.e. the winding resistance + inductance of the device is set such that
thing might get hot and buzz in a short circuit but will not catch on
fire. Like those small AC motor windings.
Maybe some are. But I don';t think all are.
There was a common wall wart sold over here, maybe it still is. It has 2
slide switches on it, one sets the (unregualted) output voltage (a tap
changer o nthe transfoemer), the other reverses the polarity of the
output. The output conenctor is a cross-shaped thing with the arms of the
cross being 2.5mm jack plug, 3.5mm jack plug, 2.1mm (i/D) coaxial power
connecotr and 2.5mm ditto. Hanging off that on shrt leads are a 1.3mm
coaxial power conencotr and a PP3-type (9V batter) chip.
I had oen of thes plugged in on my bench. The exposed metal contacts of
the PP3 clip found one of the arm of the cross-shaped conenctor. The
result was that the output was deat short. I noticed this some time later
ehrn it was hot enough to smoke and softne the plastic case sufficiently
to expose live parts. Of course I disconencted it for the mains at once
and after it had cooled I invetigated it. The PCB was charred, the
plastic sleeve on the smoothing capacitor had melted and split, but the
transformer was still continuous so presumably would have carried on heating.
You may think that's a safe design, I do not.
-tony