Scott, My ASM86 assembler is a "bare metal" assembler, it uses ORG, and outputs Intel (or Motorola) hex format download records (which can be converted by my HEXFMT into a pure binary file if that is your preference). It does not assume any OS, and does not require any special/weird setup sequences - just translates instructions into opcodes. ASM86 is a simple command line .EXE, runs under DOS up, does not require any installation or other such stuff - very easy to get going. I also have two 8086 debuggers that go with it: HDM86 is a "Hardware Debug Monitor" it gives you basic read/write/dump, but the nice thing about it is that it need NO memory - as long as you have the ROM and UART working, you can run it (even if you don't have the UART working, you can use it's polling to debug, so all you really need to get started is the ROM). Takes about 1.25k of ROM MON86 is a much more powerful monitor, which features all the goodies, memory and register dump/edit, breakpoints, single-step, disassembler, lots more... (It does need 160 bytes of RAM and about 3k of ROM). These tools should be all that you need to get your 8088 system up and running, and I'll be happy to send them to ya - contact me off-list if you would like them. I also have a decent disassembler for the 8086 instruction set which will let you define memory areas/types, build symbol tables for you etc. Also for "bare metal", but it doesn't sound like you will need this as you are writing "all new" code. In case you are also a 'C' programmer, I also have a 8086 "bare metal" version of my Micro-C compiler - much of what I said about the assembler applies to this (in fact, the C compiler produces assembly source which it them runs through the ASM86 assembler). FWIW, I have similar assemblers for a couple dozen other small processor architectures, as well as monitors, disassemblers and C compilers for many of them. Regards, Dave -- dave04a (at) Dave Dunfield dunfield (dot) Firmware development services & tools: www.dunfield.com com Collector of vintage computing equipment: http://www.parse.com/~ddunfield/museum/index.html