Jay, On Tue Jul 27 2004 at 09:34, Jay West wrote: OK, I'm a little late in responding (about six years late :-), but these are the E-Series double-integer firmware instructions (.DAD, .DSB, etc.). They are a product from the HP "specials" group, so they weren't on the regular price list. The relevant HP manual is 93585-90007 at Bitsavers. These are another HP "specials" group product: "93578W Special Pascal Library Subroutines" for the E/F-Series. These are microcoded replacements for the bit-field extract, deposit and indexing run-time function calls emitted by the HP Pascal compiler for access to packed arrays and records. I gather these were used to reduce execution time in Pascal programs. I've not found a manual for these. -- Dave