Scott, There's another category of machines like the "Basic stamp" that have an HLL in firmware "on chip" (either in ROM on the CPU chip, or in another chip on the same IC). From an architectural point of view, I think this is a lot different from what you are talking about, but you may want to make a list for that category as well, for completeness. I'll bet you'll find some processors that are right on the edge between categories, too. - Mark