Message: 20
Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2008 21:18:32 -0800
From: "Rick Bensene" rickb at
bensene.com ...
Message-ID: B9639BAE3F34504E83FEEDD71D4AFB4615D8AB at
mail.bensene.com
The displays on the console were driven by a PPU (Peripheral Processing
Unit), which were small scalar processors (actually, one processor
multiplexed to appear as a number of independent CPUs), akin to small
minicomputers (like a PDP-8), which operated out of shared sections of
main memory. There was a PPU program that ran the display, generating
it from data in a section of memory.
In SCOPE, PP # 10 was dedicated to this purpose -
Each time shared PP (using a common adder) had its own memory of
4 K 12 bit words. This reduced the traffic to main memory.
PP # 1 was normally assigned to monitor requests from the jobs
assigned to "control points". A job would place a request in
its relative memory location 0 for service by the system.
PP # 1 would monitor these requests and assign other
PPs to do the work, causing a PP to load a new program
if necessary.
I worked in CDC Special Systems from 1966 to 1971 -
We shipped a version of SCOPE modified to run "Time Critical"
which used modified code in PP #1 to guarantee user choice of
- analog and discrete inputs
- x milliseconds CPU time
- analog and discrete output
on a guaranteed time cycle -
This was the best in the world at the time for doing hybrid computing :-))
which unfortunately was on its way out :-((
A system program to calculate resources to see if
a new "time critical" user could be added to the running list.
The displays were vector only, not raster.
Yes :-))
There was dedicated hardware in the display console
that did
CDC character set (a 6-bit code) conversion to vector characters.
Not in any system we shipped, and we could run the "EYE"
and Northwestern University CHESS program with
another PP displaying the chess pieces in nice form
on the right hand scope.
The left hand scope being assigned to monitoring
activity at the normally 8 "control points",
showing activity and requests for operator intervention
such as mounting/removing tapes and printer(s) out of paper...
Vector graphics were possible, within the limitations
of the speed of
the PPU.
Each PP had a 100 nano-second time sharing of the adder each 1 microsecond -
hence a relatively hard upper limit of 10 PPs with out a special
order for another 10 ( for customers such as Boeing).
On later 6x00-series systems, such as the CYBER-73, the PPUs
ran fast enough to generate a nice looking all-vector
chessboard on the
left screen, and a text-based transcript of the moves on the right
screen. There were also a number of other cute programs, one being a
pair of eyes (one on each screen) which would look around and blink.
The operating system was called KRONOS, and I clearly remember that the
console command to run the "eye" program was "X.EYES".
Greg Mansfield had KRONOS going, and shipping to some customers,
- mostly educational - by the time I left.
Greg was kind of a one man band - a bit of a Dilbert
- a remarkably imaginative and productive individual -
I left CDC long before the CYBER-73
....
Rick Bensene
The Old Calculator Museum
http://oldcalculatormuseum.com
Ed Thelen