On Mon, Dec 16, 2019 at 8:42 PM jim stephens via cctalk wrote: https://web.archive.org/web/20170421223052/https://wiki.cc.gatech.edu/folkl… ------ Jerry Reich has brought to my attention the operating systems written by Computer Science Corporation (CSC) for its Infonet time-sharing network. In the late 1960s, CSC developed CSCX, which was a highly modified EXEC II [*] with time-sharing and multiprogramming capabilities. CSCX later evolved into the CSTS time-sharing system used on the Infonet 1100s throughout the 1970s. Commercial time-sharing networks were widespread during the 1960s and 1970s. ==== [*] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIVAC_EXEC_II ------ EXEC II is a discontinued operating system developed for the UNIVAC 1107 by Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC) while under contract to UNIVAC to develop the machine's COBOL compiler. They developed EXEC II because Univac's EXEC I operating system development was late. . . EXEC II is a batch processing operating system that supports a single job stream with concurrent spooling. ==== I have reason to believe that my very first exposure to digital computers (in the spring of 1969, at a high school in northern Delaware taking advantage of a Federal grant to equip a room with some teletype machines and acoustic couplers) was to "Conversational Fortran V" running on a Univac 1108 at Computer Sciences Corporation. Presumably the operating system was CSC's own modified version of Exec II (CSCX) rather than Exec 8, but I believe the Fortran V language processor would have been the same in either case. That taste of high-end timesharing was a luxurious experience, never to be repeated -- the following year, those same teletype machines were connected to an overloaded IBM 1130 at the University of Delaware running BASIC. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED126934.pdf ------ Walzl, F. Neil The Development and Implementation of a District Computer Education Program. Final Report. Newark School District, Del. Nov 75 . . . During the 1968-69 school year, three major activities were conducted. . . Computer time was purchased and the Computer Sciences Corporation, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. . . ==== https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/why-python-best ------ For you Fortran folks, I need to explain Fortran V. Based on Fortran IV, Fortran V was implemented on Univac 1100-series hardware (and probably other Univac systems such as the 494) by Computer Sciences Corporation in the late 1960s. It extended Fortran to include parameter statements?basically a way to define constants, conditional compilation, and statement functions?basically macros that produced in-line code. In 1970, I went to work for Computer Sciences Corporation working on systems testing of a new timesharing system they were developing called CSTS. While some of my work was done in assembly language, the majority was done in Fortran V. For me, it was the "best scripting language" I had available. (It was also the only language I had available on CSTS itself for a while.) ====