At 13:25 18/11/2004 +0000, you wrote: A technique that I've used out of desperation when trying to track a few signals through a multi-layer board where I had "no idea" where they came out, is to cut a square of aluminum foil - size depends on board size and how "fine" you want to be - press it onto regions of the board using a pad or sponge to insure it presses down on all connections (obviously you do this with the power off, board disconnected and any nicads/supercaps removed etc.) - this lets you test conductance from the original signal to whole areas of the board.. Once you narrow down the area where the signal appears, it is much easier to find it. Whole pile of caveats and warnings about shorting components which may still be charged, passing current from DVM through unknown paths through the circuitry etc. will no doubt be forthcoming - just be careful and aware of what you are doing - YMMV, but it has worked for me on more than one occation. Regards, Dave -- dave04a (at) Dave Dunfield dunfield (dot) Firmware development services & tools: www.dunfield.com com Vintage computing equipment collector. http://www.parse.com/~ddunfield/museum/index.html