2 Aug
2014
2 Aug
'14
7:18 p.m.
Greetings folks,
I've got a couple of dead C-1541 drives here, and not nearly enough
knowledge / info to troubleshoot them.
Does anyone have - or have a link to - a basic text on floppy disk
troubleshooting & repair? For instance, I need to know what I should expect
to see coming off the read head, and the read head pre- and post-amplifier
circuits.. basic low-level info of that ilk.
FYI I have 25+ years of exp. as an electronics tech, but almost exclusively
in vacuum tube analog and audio circuitry. I have a scarce few basic
solid-state & digital-specific instruments, such as logic probes / pulsers,
transistor testers, transistor testers, not much more.
Can you lend a hand?
3 Aug
3 Aug
2:20 a.m.
On Sat, Aug 2, 2014 at 6:18 PM, drlegendre . <drlegendre at gmail.com> wrote:
Does anyone have - or have a link to - a basic text on
floppy disk
troubleshooting & repair? For instance, I need to know what I should expect
to see coming off the read head, and the read head pre- and post-amplifier
circuits.. basic low-level info of that ilk.
Bombjack.org is a great resource for all kinds of Commodore
documentation. I can't find them there at the moment but I'd bet they
have the Sams repair guides for the 1541.
Hey they even have a video:
http://www.bombjack.org/commodore/videos.htm
-j
8:21 a.m.
On 08/02/2014 06:18 PM, drlegendre . wrote:
I've got a couple of dead C-1541 drives here, and
not nearly enough
knowledge / info to troubleshoot them.
Does anyone have - or have a link to - a basic text on floppy disk
troubleshooting & repair? For instance, I need to know what I should expect
to see coming off the read head, and the read head pre- and post-amplifier
circuits.. basic low-level info of that ilk.
http://personalpages.tds.net/~rcarlsen/cbm.html
--
Glenn Holmer (Linux registered user #16682)
"After the vintage season came the aftermath -- and Cenbe."
4 Aug
4 Aug
5:20 p.m.
Thanks Glenn, but I was quoting from Ray's documents earlier in this
thread.. ;-)
On Sun, Aug 3, 2014 at 7:21 AM, Glenn Holmer <shadowm at lyonlabs.org> wrote:
On 08/02/2014 06:18 PM, drlegendre . wrote:
I've got a couple of dead C-1541 drives here,
and not nearly enough
knowledge / info to troubleshoot them.
Does anyone have - or have a link to - a basic text on floppy disk
troubleshooting & repair? For instance, I need to know what I should
expect
to see coming off the read head, and the read
head pre- and
post-amplifier
circuits.. basic low-level info of that ilk.
http://personalpages.tds.net/~rcarlsen/cbm.html
--
Glenn Holmer (Linux registered user #16682)
"After the vintage season came the aftermath -- and Cenbe."
3 Aug
3 Aug
4:06 p.m.
Greetings folks,
I've got a couple of dead C-1541 drives here, and not nearly enough
knowledge / info to troubleshoot them.
I hve no idea if these are on-line anywhere (I have them on paper), but
there is an official Commodor service manual for the 1541. It's just
scheamtics and parts lists.
More use to you, if you can find it is the SAMS troubleshooting guide.
This (might) be on archive.org, I've not checked. This ahs step-by-step
procedures for trackign down faulys.
Be warned that the 1541 is not identical to other foppy dirves, So some
detials in a generic floppy drive repair manual -- in particualr relating
to the stepper motor control -- will not apply.
Does anyone have - or have a link to - a basic text on floppy disk
troubleshooting & repair? For instance, I need to know what I should expect
to see coming off the read head, and the read head pre- and post-amplifier
circuits.. basic low-level info of that ilk.
You'll see almost nothing at the heat, it's a very low level signal. The
place to look is the output fo the first amplfiieri nt he read chain
(this is normally a 733 or NE592). It has differential outputs, connect a
'scope with differential inputs (if you have one) there.Of course gettign
a signal there depends o nthe first stage of the read circuit working
correctly. But if you _don't_ get a signal there, you know where to start
looking for the fault.
What are the problems with the 1541s?
-tony
8:10 p.m.
Tony & All,
I do have the factory service manual for the 1541, and it doesn't have any
info on signal waveforms / levels. I'm aware of some diffs between the 1541
and 'standard' drives, though once you get to the mechanism itself, much
generic info should apply. Most important thing to realize is that the 1541
& cousins are smart peripherals - essentially complete appliance-ized
computers with CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O & PSU all dedicated to serving a floppy
mechanism - so they are +much+ more complex than a basic 5-1/4" drive.
Both of the problem drives seem to have roughly the same problem - they
don't seem to be able to read anything at all, and the heads barely move.
One drive is in an SX-64, the other is an Enhancer 2000 3rd party unit.
As an example: Attempt to load a directory.. motor spins up, LED lights
then flickers as the drive does little else. Eventually a "FILE NOT FOUND"
error will pop out. The head never moves at all in some cases, in others,
it seems to toggle between two tracks or half-tracks, seemingly on or near
the directory track (18 of 35).
First guess was mech. problem with the head / stepper motor / rails etc,
but at least in the SX-64 I was able to swap mechanisms and the error
stayed with the machine. I then swapped FDD boards between the two SX-64s
and the problem followed the FDD board - so it's a board problem.
Next guess was bad servo drive signals, which go like PLA -> 7404 ->
ULN2064 (open-collector Darlington driver) -> step motor phases x 4. But
this all seems OK as well.. If I watch servo signals on both "good" and
"bad" drives as I send an unending string of commands (like I0:, which is
"initialize the drive hardware") I see the exact same signals with the same
co-incidence with head noises & drive actions on both drives.
So I took a closer look at Ray's repair guide, and here's what I see..
(more in the next post)
On Sun, Aug 3, 2014 at 3:06 PM, Tony Duell <ard at p850ug1.demon.co.uk> wrote:
Greetings folks,
I've got a couple of dead C-1541 drives here, and not nearly enough
knowledge / info to troubleshoot them.
I hve no idea if these are on-line anywhere (I have them on paper), but
there is an official Commodor service manual for the 1541. It's just
scheamtics and parts lists.
More use to you, if you can find it is the SAMS troubleshooting guide.
This (might) be on archive.org, I've not checked. This ahs step-by-step
procedures for trackign down faulys.
Be warned that the 1541 is not identical to other foppy dirves, So some
detials in a generic floppy drive repair manual -- in particualr relating
to the stepper motor control -- will not apply.
Does anyone have - or have a link to - a basic text on floppy disk
troubleshooting & repair? For instance, I need to know what I should
expect
to see coming off the read head, and the read
head pre- and
post-amplifier
circuits.. basic low-level info of that ilk.
You'll see almost nothing at the heat, it's a very low level signal. The
place to look is the output fo the first amplfiieri nt he read chain
(this is normally a 733 or NE592). It has differential outputs, connect a
'scope with differential inputs (if you have one) there.Of course gettign
a signal there depends o nthe first stage of the read circuit working
correctly. But if you _don't_ get a signal there, you know where to start
looking for the fault.
What are the problems with the 1541s?
-tony
8:16 p.m.
Tony & All
(continued)
The document can be found here: http://www.zimmers.net/commie/docs/sx64.txt
- This is an SX-64 t-shooting guide with a lot of floppy info. My symptoms,
at least on the SX-64 drive, very closely match the following:
UH1 NE592N (LM592) READ PREAMP
Drive powers up and resets normally. Spindle motor runs, stepper
moves slightly, but "FILE NOT FOUND" error and red LED flashes. Check
also UJ1 and UK4.
UJ1 NE592N (LM592) READ AMPLIFIER
Drive powers up and resets normally. Spindle motor runs, stepper
moves slightly, but "FILE NOT FOUND" error and red LED flashes. Check
also UH1 and UK4.
UK4 LM311 COMPARITOR (READ AMPL)
Drive powers up and resets normally. Spindle motor runs, stepper
moves slightly, but "FILE NOT FOUND" error, and red LED flashes. Check
also UH1 and UJ1.
So this is why I'm now on the trail of the read amp chain. And as
mentioned, I simply don't know what I should see there! Nor do I have
a diff scope probe, which makes things all the more troublesome. It's
the sort of thing you +could probably+ do with an SE probe, but the
distortion / artifact would be so bad that you'd have to have seen it
before to know right from wrong, if you get my drift. (It's not like
you'd ever see a clean, un-distorted waveform.)
And no, I don't have a scope that I can pull the invert one chan + add
1+2 to make differential measurements..
Hope that makes some sense, and isn't too dang long that everyone has
gone to sleep.. lol.
On Sun, Aug 3, 2014 at 7:10 PM, drlegendre . <drlegendre at gmail.com> wrote:
Tony & All,
I do have the factory service manual for the 1541, and it doesn't have any
info on signal waveforms / levels. I'm aware of some diffs between the 1541
and 'standard' drives, though once you get to the mechanism itself, much
generic info should apply. Most important thing to realize is that the 1541
& cousins are smart peripherals - essentially complete appliance-ized
computers with CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O & PSU all dedicated to serving a floppy
mechanism - so they are +much+ more complex than a basic 5-1/4" drive.
Both of the problem drives seem to have roughly the same problem - they
don't seem to be able to read anything at all, and the heads barely move.
One drive is in an SX-64, the other is an Enhancer 2000 3rd party unit.
As an example: Attempt to load a directory.. motor spins up, LED lights
then flickers as the drive does little else. Eventually a "FILE NOT FOUND"
error will pop out. The head never moves at all in some cases, in others,
it seems to toggle between two tracks or half-tracks, seemingly on or near
the directory track (18 of 35).
First guess was mech. problem with the head / stepper motor / rails etc,
but at least in the SX-64 I was able to swap mechanisms and the error
stayed with the machine. I then swapped FDD boards between the two SX-64s
and the problem followed the FDD board - so it's a board problem.
Next guess was bad servo drive signals, which go like PLA -> 7404 ->
ULN2064 (open-collector Darlington driver) -> step motor phases x 4. But
this all seems OK as well.. If I watch servo signals on both "good" and
"bad" drives as I send an unending string of commands (like I0:, which is
"initialize the drive hardware") I see the exact same signals with the same
co-incidence with head noises & drive actions on both drives.
So I took a closer look at Ray's repair guide, and here's what I see..
(more in the next post)
On Sun, Aug 3, 2014 at 3:06 PM, Tony Duell <ard at p850ug1.demon.co.uk>
wrote:
Greetings folks,
I've got a couple of dead C-1541 drives here, and not nearly enough
knowledge / info to troubleshoot them.
I hve no idea if these are on-line anywhere (I have them on paper), but
there is an official Commodor service manual for the 1541. It's just
scheamtics and parts lists.
More use to you, if you can find it is the SAMS troubleshooting guide.
This (might) be on archive.org, I've not checked. This ahs step-by-step
procedures for trackign down faulys.
Be warned that the 1541 is not identical to other foppy dirves, So some
detials in a generic floppy drive repair manual -- in particualr relating
to the stepper motor control -- will not apply.
Does anyone have - or have a link to - a basic text on floppy disk
troubleshooting & repair? For instance, I need to know what I should
expect
to see coming off the read head, and the read
head pre- and
post-amplifier
circuits.. basic low-level info of that ilk.
You'll see almost nothing at the heat, it's a very low level signal. The
place to look is the output fo the first amplfiieri nt he read chain
(this is normally a 733 or NE592). It has differential outputs, connect a
'scope with differential inputs (if you have one) there.Of course gettign
a signal there depends o nthe first stage of the read circuit working
correctly. But if you _don't_ get a signal there, you know where to start
looking for the fault.
What are the problems with the 1541s?
-tony
8:21 p.m.
(Final comment)
Forgot to mention - both drives worked fine prior to sitting still in
less-than-perfect storage conditions for a number of years. They had to
live with some temp extremes up here in my MN attic, but it's not like
anything was dropped, spilled-in, zapped, finger-fecked, etc.
And for now, I'm focusing on the SX-64 drive as I have a second, good unit
to compare with.
On Sun, Aug 3, 2014 at 7:16 PM, drlegendre . <drlegendre at gmail.com> wrote:
Tony & All
(continued)
The document can be found here:
http://www.zimmers.net/commie/docs/sx64.txt - This is an SX-64 t-shooting
guide with a lot of floppy info. My symptoms, at least on the SX-64 drive,
very closely match the following:
UH1 NE592N (LM592) READ PREAMP
Drive powers up and resets normally. Spindle motor runs, stepper
moves slightly, but "FILE NOT FOUND" error and red LED flashes. Check
also UJ1 and UK4.
UJ1 NE592N (LM592) READ AMPLIFIER
Drive powers up and resets normally. Spindle motor runs, stepper
moves slightly, but "FILE NOT FOUND" error and red LED flashes. Check
also UH1 and UK4.
UK4 LM311 COMPARITOR (READ AMPL)
Drive powers up and resets normally. Spindle motor runs, stepper
moves slightly, but "FILE NOT FOUND" error, and red LED flashes. Check
also UH1 and UJ1.
So this is why I'm now on the trail of the read amp chain. And as mentioned, I simply
don't know what I should see there! Nor do I have a diff scope probe, which makes
things all the more troublesome. It's the sort of thing you +could probably+ do with
an SE probe, but the distortion / artifact would be so bad that you'd have to have
seen it before to know right from wrong, if you get my drift. (It's not like you'd
ever see a clean, un-distorted waveform.)
And no, I don't have a scope that I can pull the invert one chan + add 1+2 to make
differential measurements..
Hope that makes some sense, and isn't too dang long that everyone has gone to sleep..
lol.
On Sun, Aug 3, 2014 at 7:10 PM, drlegendre . <drlegendre at gmail.com> wrote:
Tony & All,
I do have the factory service manual for the 1541, and it doesn't have
any info on signal waveforms / levels. I'm aware of some diffs between the
1541 and 'standard' drives, though once you get to the mechanism itself,
much generic info should apply. Most important thing to realize is that the
1541 & cousins are smart peripherals - essentially complete appliance-ized
computers with CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O & PSU all dedicated to serving a floppy
mechanism - so they are +much+ more complex than a basic 5-1/4" drive.
Both of the problem drives seem to have roughly the same problem - they
don't seem to be able to read anything at all, and the heads barely move.
One drive is in an SX-64, the other is an Enhancer 2000 3rd party unit.
As an example: Attempt to load a directory.. motor spins up, LED lights
then flickers as the drive does little else. Eventually a "FILE NOT FOUND"
error will pop out. The head never moves at all in some cases, in others,
it seems to toggle between two tracks or half-tracks, seemingly on or near
the directory track (18 of 35).
First guess was mech. problem with the head / stepper motor / rails etc,
but at least in the SX-64 I was able to swap mechanisms and the error
stayed with the machine. I then swapped FDD boards between the two SX-64s
and the problem followed the FDD board - so it's a board problem.
Next guess was bad servo drive signals, which go like PLA -> 7404 ->
ULN2064 (open-collector Darlington driver) -> step motor phases x 4. But
this all seems OK as well.. If I watch servo signals on both "good" and
"bad" drives as I send an unending string of commands (like I0:, which is
"initialize the drive hardware") I see the exact same signals with the same
co-incidence with head noises & drive actions on both drives.
So I took a closer look at Ray's repair guide, and here's what I see..
(more in the next post)
On Sun, Aug 3, 2014 at 3:06 PM, Tony Duell <ard at p850ug1.demon.co.uk>
wrote:
Greetings folks,
I've got a couple of dead C-1541 drives here, and not nearly enough
knowledge / info to troubleshoot them.
I hve no idea if these are on-line anywhere (I have them on paper), but
there is an official Commodor service manual for the 1541. It's just
scheamtics and parts lists.
More use to you, if you can find it is the SAMS troubleshooting guide.
This (might) be on archive.org, I've not checked. This ahs step-by-step
procedures for trackign down faulys.
Be warned that the 1541 is not identical to other foppy dirves, So some
detials in a generic floppy drive repair manual -- in particualr relating
to the stepper motor control -- will not apply.
Does anyone have - or have a link to - a basic text on floppy disk
troubleshooting & repair? For instance, I need to know what I should
expect
to see coming off the read head, and the read
head pre- and
post-amplifier
circuits.. basic low-level info of that ilk.
You'll see almost nothing at the heat, it's a very low level signal. The
place to look is the output fo the first amplfiieri nt he read chain
(this is normally a 733 or NE592). It has differential outputs, connect a
'scope with differential inputs (if you have one) there.Of course gettign
a signal there depends o nthe first stage of the read circuit working
correctly. But if you _don't_ get a signal there, you know where to start
looking for the fault.
What are the problems with the 1541s?
-tony
11:57 p.m.
Howzbout a lunchbox case?
Most, including Compaq will take a reasonably standard motherboard.
Floppy bays in the case are pretty much irrelevant, as you can cable
to a DC37, and run 8", 3", 3.25", 100tpi 5.25", etc. as external
drives.
But, in between the FDC and the drive(s), are you going to use Central
Point Option board, Catweasel, Kryoflex, Apple Turnover, . . . ?
--
Grumpy Ol' Fred cisin at xenosoft.com
4 Aug
4 Aug
12:24 a.m.
On Aug 3, 2014, at 20:57 , Fred Cisin <cisin at xenosoft.com> wrote:
But, in between the FDC and the drive(s), are you
going to use Central
Point Option board, Catweasel, Kryoflex, Apple Turnover, . . . ?
The PC I'm considering building is strictly for running ImageDisk software. I also
have a KryoFlux, but I use that with my Mac. Eventually, it'll be nice if I can do
everything I need to do with just the KryoFlux. But it's not quite ready for that, as
its software support for writing disks of various formats from sector dumps is still
limited. Although it just grew substantially in the last few days... anybody who uses
Disk-Utilities with the KryoFlux should do a git pull now... ;)
--
Mark J. Blair, NF6X <nf6x at nf6x.net>
http://www.nf6x.net/
1:38 a.m.
How did those last two messages get threaded in with the thread on floppy
drive repair info?
On Sun, Aug 3, 2014 at 11:24 PM, Mark J. Blair <nf6x at nf6x.net> wrote:
On Aug 3, 2014, at 20:57 , Fred Cisin <cisin at xenosoft.com> wrote:
But, in between the FDC and the drive(s), are you
going to use Central
Point Option board, Catweasel, Kryoflex, Apple Turnover, . . . ?
The PC I'm considering building is strictly for running ImageDisk
software. I also have a KryoFlux, but I use that with my Mac. Eventually,
it'll be nice if I can do everything I need to do with just the KryoFlux.
But it's not quite ready for that, as its software support for writing
disks of various formats from sector dumps is still limited. Although it
just grew substantially in the last few days... anybody who uses
Disk-Utilities with the KryoFlux should do a git pull now... ;)
--
Mark J. Blair, NF6X <nf6x at nf6x.net>
http://www.nf6x.net/
2:06 a.m.
On Aug 3, 2014, at 22:38 , drlegendre . <drlegendre at gmail.com> wrote:
How did those last two messages get threaded in with
the thread on floppy
drive repair info?
I think that Fred hit "reply" to the wrong message, and then I figured out that
he was replying to my thread, and replied to him without changing the subject line back.
Please accept my apology.
--
Mark J. Blair, NF6X <nf6x at nf6x.net>
http://www.nf6x.net/
4:30 p.m.
I may have at least partially answered my own question.. a little more
creative searching turned up this:
http://www.codebase64.net/books/commodore-1541-troubleshooting-and-repair-g…
Very in-depth guide, right down to the signal waveforms and timing charts!
It's Commodore 1540 / 1541 specific, which is great for the SX-64 issues at
hand. But a text with a more generic approach would still be quite helpful
for the Enhancer 2000 and other drives which I'll inevitably have to deal
with in the future. If anyone comes across such a document, please send it
our way!
On Mon, Aug 4, 2014 at 1:06 AM, Mark J. Blair <nf6x at nf6x.net> wrote:
On Aug 3, 2014, at 22:38 , drlegendre . <drlegendre at gmail.com> wrote:
How did those last two messages get threaded in
with the thread on floppy
drive repair info?
I think that Fred hit "reply" to the wrong message, and then I figured out
that he was replying to my thread, and replied to him without changing the
subject line back. Please accept my apology.
--
Mark J. Blair, NF6X <nf6x at nf6x.net>
http://www.nf6x.net/
6:08 p.m.
Tony & All
(continued)
The document can be found here: http://www.zimmers.net/commie/docs/sx64.txt
- This is an SX-64 t-shooting guide with a lot of floppy info. My symptoms,
at least on the SX-64 drive, very closely match the following:
I have never found lists of 'stock faults' to have any use in repairing
1-offs... They probably do make sense if you ru na repair shop and get
many fo the same unit in for repair when you can then get many of them
fixed by follwoign the stock faults and just have a few that need proper
troubleshooting. But msot the time with a 1-ff, you have to troubleshoot
it a tep at a time...
That 'troubleshoting and repair guide' I mentioned has flowcharts to
go through the stepper motor circuit, the read amplifier, etc. It also
ahs a fairly shrot type-in program to let you control the motors from the
C64 keybaord, this will at least tell you if the stepper circuit is
bascially working.
-tony
5:59 p.m.
Tony & All,
I do have the factory service manual for the 1541, and it doesn't have any
info on signal waveforms / levels. I'm aware of some diffs between the 1541
I had a look on http://www.archive.org/ DO a search for '1541' (no
quotes), tehre is a file called something like 'Troubleshooting and
repair guide' This is the SAMS manual for the drive, and is IMHO very
helpful. I am not sure about waveforms, but there are theory-of-operation
secitons, trests, etc. I think it assumes you ahve a working C64 to run
test progrmas.
and 'standard' drives, though once you get to
the mechanism itself, much
generic info should apply. Most important thing to realize is that the 1541
& cousins are smart peripherals - essentially complete appliance-ized
computers with CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O & PSU all dedicated to serving a floppy
mechanism - so they are +much+ more complex than a basic 5-1/4" drive.
Sure. There's a 6502, ROM and RAM in there...
But soem other 'intellegnet' drives, liek the HP ones have a stnadard
drive mechanism, and a controller card in the same case. The drive is
stadard, it has the normal stepper motor control circuit, etc. The
commodore ones don't, the stepper motor is cotnroleld by some signals
from an output port (6522?)Not a problem if you are
aware of it, of course.
Both of the problem drives seem to have roughly the same problem - they
don't seem to be able to read anything at all, and the heads barely move.
One drive is in an SX-64, the other is an Enhancer 2000 3rd party unit.
As an example: Attempt to load a directory.. motor spins up, LED lights
then flickers as the drive does little else. Eventually a "FILE NOT FOUND"
error will pop out. The head never moves at all in some cases, in others,
it seems to toggle between two tracks or half-tracks, seemingly on or near
the directory track (18 of 35).
Firstly, can the heads move (check it's not mechanically gummed up).
Then, this sounds like you've lost drive to one of the stepper motor
windings. I would put a 'scope or logic analyser on thsoe output port
signals to make sure it is trying to move the heads, and then trace
through the driver circuitry to the stepper motor itself. It may be
nothing more than a bad conenction at the stepper motor socket on the PCB.
First guess was mech. problem with the head / stepper motor / rails etc,
but at least in the SX-64 I was able to swap mechanisms and the error
stayed with the machine. I then swapped FDD boards between the two SX-64s
and the problem followed the FDD board - so it's a board problem.
Next guess was bad servo drive signals, which go like PLA -> 7404 ->
ULN2064 (open-collector Darlington driver) -> step motor phases x 4. But
this all seems OK as well.. If I watch servo signals on both "good" and
"bad" drives as I send an unending string of commands (like I0:, which is
"initialize the drive hardware") I see the exact same signals with the same
co-incidence with head noises & drive actions on both drives.
Hmmm.. .This is impossible. Same signals, motor and mechancics OK, but
one works the other doesn't...
Do you have +12V on _both_ red wires to the stepper motor?
The motor is controlled, as you say, but that gate array chip, but
actually it's jhsut a 2-4 line decoder here. If you get the
troubelshooting manaul I mentioned, look at the schematics of the
original versionm, which used a lot of TTL, not that gate array, and the
stepper motor part is jsut half a '139. The inputs to decoder (wheter it's a
TTL chp or part of the gate array) come from one of the VIAs. So check to
see you have changing signals on both pins 10 and 12 of that gate array
chip.
-tony
3 Aug
3 Aug
9:01 p.m.
On 08/02/2014 06:18 PM, drlegendre . wrote:
Greetings folks,
I've got a couple of dead C-1541 drives here, and not nearly enough
knowledge / info to troubleshoot them.
Weren't they pretty much the slowest floppy drive units ever made? Maybe
you simply haven't waited long enough for them to cough up some data...
;-)
3621
days inactive
3623
days old
15 comments
7 participants
participants (7)
-
ard＠p850ug1.demon.co.uk -
cisin＠xenosoft.com -
drlegendre＠gmail.com -
jules.richardson99＠gmail.com -
nf6x＠nf6x.net -
shadowm＠lyonlabs.org -
silent700＠gmail.com