Exactly. There's a 'precharge' pin on the 1103, which IIRC has to be driven for every red cycle. On the 1103A, it's a no-connect, the precharging is done automatically. I don't really understand the comment about the Alto. I thought that the precharge signal was part of a normal memory cycle, certainly that's what the Intel databook implies (and how the HP9800s use it). Err, the pleasure of remembering a bit of very obscure knowledge :-) -tony