Jerome Fine replies: Just a few words about the above adapters. Note that this information is second hand since I have not used them myself, only been in direct contact with the actual users. V2.2 of Ersatz-11 (E11) had some problems with use in a multi-processor environment when the TLC adapters were being used. From the information about the problem, it was only going to cause a difficulty if there was more than one PDP-11 being emulated (Multi-Processor) at the same time. The reason the difficulty was not causing a problem in V2.2 was that no one was attempting a multi-processor configuration like a PDP-11/74 system - not that E11 even supported such a configuration in V2.2 of E11. The actual reason for the problem was that the internal code within V2.2 of E11 did not correctly do a Read/Modify/Write cycle for an instruction such as: Bis #100,@#CSR rather, first a Read, then internally the Modify and finally a full Write cycle. This could have allowed a second CPU to also begin the same sequence at almost the identical time and thereby result in a timing problem. With V3.0 of E11, this issue has been corrected. While the Unibus users of E11 have not found a difficulty with the software/hardware being used with a BCI-2004 adapter, the Qbus users with a BCI-2104 adapter had found there is a problem which causes the incorrect execution of the above instruction with a Qbus board in a BA23 box and V3.0 of E11 using the BCI-2104 adapter. On the other hand, using V2.2 of E11 runs everything in a satisfactory manner. At the present time, there is a suspicion that the problem could be with the timing for the Qbus board which obviously functions correctly in that BA23 box when used with a real DEC PDP-11/73 CPU, but not when V3.0 of E11 is used with the adapter. Or the firmware and hardware associated with the BCI-2104 could be the problem. Note that if the instruction is changed to a: Mov #100,@#CSR then there is only a Write cycle and everything is again OK even with V3.0 of E11. Also, realize that the adapter is almost as expensive and the first license for the Commercial Version of Ersatz-11, the cost being about $ US 2500 and $ US 3000 ($ US 4000 for the Linux version - although I understand the Linux version of E11 still does not support the adapters), respectively. On the other hand, no DEC PDP-11 today is able to run at the speed of even a Pentium III system. And even the PDP-11/93 CPU cards are almost as much today as a Commercial E11 license. But a Mentec Qbus CPU or a QED CPU card that attempts to approach the speed of E11 on a Pentium IV is probably far more expensive than the combined cost of E11 and the PC. Of course, if a company requires the extra speed and they have hardware which can't be emulated (which means there can be problems with the interaction between the adapters and the emulator, then a full Qbus only system is probably best. As for the person who mentions the Charon-11 emulator, I understand that the fellows who use E11 and the Unibus hardware have attempted to use the Charon-11 as well and found it to be very unsatisfactory. By the way, Charon-11 is NOT a Mentec product, as far as I know, Mentec just pretends it is and sell the Charon-11 emulator as if it is a Mentec product. My guess is that Mentec did not want to have Ersatz-11 as their "official" emulator offering for the kind of reasons that companies have when the decision is made to offer a product which is not as technically capable as some other product, i.e. I have been told that E11 is much better than Charon-11. Sincerely yours, Jerome Fine

Jerome Fine wrote: Yes, but not for long. They are hooked up to a DC-10 flight simulator but part of the Sep 11 aftermath was the downsizing of the airlines and, in particular, the permanent grounding of our DC-10 fleet. Making this trainer irrelevant. Its about to be sold.