I know the Apple II series used something like 140k
single sided floppies.
What is a compatible substitute? Double Sided Double Density? I would
assume side count doesn't matter and in fact DS might be be preferable as
then I can just notch the other side and safely flip the disk.
DS/DD is fine.
But what about density? I know in 3.5 disks, you
can't safely interchange
DD and HD disks and expect them to work for long. But what about with
5.25 disks? Can I use DD or even HD disks with an Apple II?
Don't use HD (1.2M), they won't work reliably. Stick to DD (typically
called 360K in recent years). "QD" (96 TPI DD) will also work fine.