Now for colour. It is a quirk of the uman eye that you
can get the
visual effect of any paritcular colour by seeing the appropriate
amounts of red, green, and blue light.
This is only approximately true. There are two reasons it's only
approximate.
One is the likely existence of human tetrachromats. There are two
viable alleles known for one of the colour receptor pigments; a woman
(it's on the X chromosome) may have both of them, presumably leading to
a richer experience of colour than men or other women.
The other is that it's (almost) certain there are light spectra that
produce retinal excitation patterns not recreatable by RGB triples.
This is because the retinal pigments' sensitivities overlap somewhat;
for example, green light stimulates the red and blue receptors to some
minor extent. The sensitivity curves are not very complex, each being
a fairly broad single hump from what I can tell, but, especially at the
ends of the spectrum, there can be colour experiences that cannot be
reproduced with three-spike RGB spectra. (Example, using made-up
numbers: consider light in the high violet which produces stimulation
ratios R=1 G=10 B=100, while the light produced by blue phosphor - or
blue LCD filter component - cannot reach B=100 with G less than 25. As
I said, the numbers are made up, but I'm confident the basic idea is
valid. I have certainly had colour percepts from objects that do not
exist anywhere in the computer-display RGB cube.)
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