Cathode poisoning in nixies is caused by them being left on the same
digit for a long time, usually days or months. Consistently running them
on the same digit (first digit in a 12-hour clock, first digits on a
frequency counter that doesn't blank unused digits) will also cause
relative darkening of the adjacent cathodes, and occasionally some
sputter will actually cause an internal short circuit which may or may
not ultimately destroy the tube. Multiplexing should extend the life of
the tubes. Running nixies at less than their rated current will increase
their lifespan, and running them over-current for shorter periods will
often rejuvenate them.
Regards,
Micah Mabelitini