Dave McGuire wrote about the ST412 interface:
Is the whole interface spec available anywhere?
There was never any formal standard. The closest thing is the ST
506/412 OEM Manual:
http://bitsavers.org/pdf/seagate/ST412_OEMmanual_Apr82.pdf
That doesn't cover some of the changes introduced in later drives, such
as the head select 3 signal that replaced reduced write current, first
introduced with the Maxtor XT-1105 and XT-1140, and documented in the
Maxtor XT-1000 Product Specification and OEM Manual:
http://bitsavers.org/pdf/maxtor/XT1000_OEM.pdf