Is there a guide somewhere to the different families
of logic, such
as RTL, TTL, LSTTL (never heard of that one)
LSTTL = Low-power Schottky TTL: basically, TTL done with low-power
Schottky technology. (
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schottky_barrier
has more than you probably want to know about what Schottky means as
applied to semiconductor logic.)
Also, some are Schmidt Triggered?
(Schmitt, I think.) I suspect most logic families have something
functionally equivalent to Schmitt triggers (inputs with hysteresis).
As for a guide to the families, I can't help much there. I know that
there exists CMOS which is signal-level-compatible with TTL (I think
they're the 74HCT parts), but that's about where my knowledge ends.
You might also add ECL to your list. It stands for Emitter-Coupled
Logic, and I have gained the impression that it's fast and
power-hungry, but further deponent sayeth not.
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