The newer ones are definitely 3 digits, gap, 2,
smaller gap, 2, small
gap, 2, even though one of them has 4 leading digits, only 3 are
driven by the swath of MC14543s, so I'm going to go with DOY,
hrs/min/sec for both of the newer units, which does suggest precision
timekeeping devices.
Certainly sounds like Julian-day-hour-minute-second to me, just like all the
timecode displays I've ever seen going back a good chunk of a century :-). I
looked through the truetime schematics I have and none of yours match exactly
so maybe some other brand.
Some similar displays are sometimes used in video and movie editing and
production (think those LED slates), although there the 3- or 4-digits
would probably not be day, but some sort of sequence number, dunno for sure,
I only briefly touched Hollywood :-)
Tim.