I don't know if you'd consider it a
computer, but the HP 41 was used
on
a number of shuttle flights. A friend of mine from HP
went to Houston to
teach the astronauts how to use the 41. I've heard that the HP 65 or 67
was used on some space flights even earlier, but I have not confirmed
that.
EDUCalc used to advertise that the '41 went on shuttle flights. I always
wondered if theirs was more reliable than mine, which was dreadfully prone
to static crashes.
Why don't laptops suffer from that -- more massive? Better circuitry?