Perhaps half an answer: "2SA854" is a typical Japanese semiconductor
part number... there are several cross-indices available, as well as (I am
sure) many folk here who can supply it or cross it for you. I imagine it
is an FET (Field Effect Transistor), since I think S,G,D would be Source,
Gate, and Drain; shorting like you did would in fact make it conduct.
Cheers
John