I do remember the "miniature camera" 22.5v photoflash, but to my
knowledge, the standard "press photographer" flash units that used
large incandescent-lamp-sized bulbs all took D cells.
Most did, I think. In the UK, GEC (who AFAIK are noting to do with the
American GE company) sold special low-ionternal-resistance D-cells (we
called them 'U2' size at the time) for this appliocation
The problem with directly firing the flashbulb from the battery was that
as the battery aged its internal resistance increased. In the end the
bulb would fail to fire at all, but before, the lower current throug hthe
ignitor fillament meant the bulb took longer to fire, messing up the
synchonisation. Probably not a problem on the Speedgraphic/MPP Micropress
shutters (large format focal plane shutters that took a good 1/4s to go
across the film)
Leica sold a flashgun which took ES cap flashbulbs or SCC (single contact
small bayonet cap) with an adapter that was supplied with the unit. The
original design used a special 6V dry batttery, this was quickly replaced
by a holder that took 4 AA cells in series. Then there was a
battery/capacitor module (22.5V battery) that fitted in place of that,
making contacct with the battery terminals and the metal case of the
flashgun (which was the connection between the bulb and sync contact).
I've also got a SCC-cap flashgun that seems to have been designed for TLR
cameras (from the bracket that came with it). It either uses a pair of C
cells or a 22.5V baettery + a resisotr/capacitor module that was included
with the unit.
-tony