Why couldn't 120V be derived from either of the
240V phase and the
grounded corner via a 2:1 transformer?
It can. That's often how, say, an Edison base decorative luminary is run when all
other lighting is 277V (the ratios would of course be different). Otherwise someone
invariably screws a 120V bulb into a socket providing 277V.
I would wonder if it would be
possible to ground the center tap on the secondary side of the 2:1
transformer mentioned above or not.
Sure, that's one way of getting split phase 120/240V on a delta system. You've
basically made high leg delta the hard way. You do also get to use a completely separate
two busbar panel for your 120/240V loads, which prevents the "oops that empty breaker
spots give 208V to ground" mistake.
A more common method of supplying significant small loads on a delta service is to use a
delta:wye transformer and provide 120/208Y. This provides more even loading on the
three-phase service, and also provides 120/208Y for, say, computers :P The center/star
connection in the secondary is grounded at the transformer.
Thanks,
Jonathan