2116 and other old memory chips

On Sat, 7 Jul 2001 01:11:11 +0100 (BST), Tony Duell wrote: #> #> I am in the process of attempting to repair, with Pete Turnbull's #> invaluable guidance, an Exidy Sorcerer. #> #> The manual recites that the memory chips, depending on configuration, #> are 2104 (4k) or 2116 (16k). #> #> A casual perusal of chip sources shows that most begin their dynamic #> ram sections with 4116 chips. The only mention I have found of 2116 #> chips is in a reference to the original IMSAI memory board. #> #> So, my questions are: Are 2116 chips 3-rail? Are 4116 chips # #As far as I can see, yes the 2116s are 3-rail and have the same pinouts #as 4116s. A lot of the time, various manufacturers made very similar RAM #chips with slightly different numbers (another example is the 2016 2K*8 #SRAM which is very similar to the 6116). Sometimes there were slight #timing differences between various manufacturer's chips, often it doesn't #matter. # #I would be very suprised if the Sorceror doesn't work with 4116 DRAMs in it. # #> equivalent? Does anyone have a source for 2116 chips, if they are not #> equivalent? What about 2114 static ram (used in the video section of #> the Exidy)? Same problems? Were they all three rail? # #The 2114 SRAM is single-supply rail (+5V only). Again, it was made by #several companies (but I think most of the time it was called the 2114). #It also happens to be the chip I've had the most failures from :-) # #> #> A general lecture on the nature of old memory chips and their use and #> selection would be very helpful (hint to Tony Duell). # #Most of the time, RAMs are pretty generic. Match up the capacity, type #(SRAM or DRAM) and number of pins, and you're close to finding a match :-) # #In general, SRAMs were single-rail, +5V only. DRAMs were often 3-rail up #to and including the 16K bit parts. There were single-rail 16Kbit DRAMs, #but they are not that common, and they came out later than the 3 rail parts. # #Most DRAMs have a multiplexed address bus (that's how you fit a 16K RAM, #needing at least 14 address lines, 1 data line, 1 write enable line ,and #3 power lines into a 16 pin package). You send the address in 2 parts and #bring RAS/ and CAS/ low as appropriate. Some older 4K DRAMs, in 22 pin #packages, have a normal address bus with 12 separate pins. Those 22 pin #DRAMs are odd in othter ways, like needing a strobe pulse at 12V levels. # #I am not sure exactly what you want to know, though. If you can say what #information you need, I'll try and dig out the databooks. # #-tony This answers most of my questions, thanks. One further question. What is the difference between "static" ram and "dynamic" ram, since both are "volatile" ram? Or, putting it another way, what is "static" about "static" ram, since it changes as well? Louis