As for pencil tubes ... I suspect most of them where
for WWII use and the
general public did not
know about them till after transistors made their impact.
No, they were quite known in the industry in the late 1940s.
Manufactures even had lines of subminiatures for the consumer market,
but they failed to make an impact - too expensive. The portables that
used them were out of reach for most pocketbooks, and frankly were not
all that much smaller than the portables that used regular minis.
--
Will