it is? I suspect the SOC chip is an opto-isolator (it
only has 6 pins
 and is curiously in a white package). Not sure about the SG chip but I 
 Almost certainly an optoisolator. Probably for the voltage feedback loop
 (LED on the secondary side of the supply, connected to some kind of
 voltage sense circuit, transistor connected to the chopper control side
 of things). 
 
 It appears to be controlling the gate of an SCR, the anode of which goes
 to the live input via a thermal resistor (which is placed next to that
 5W resistor which keeps failing), and the cathode of which goes to the
 'hot' ground rail. Some form of overload protection, I assume. 
 
Odd.. I wonder how the voltage feedback works, then. It's _possible_ that
the chopper control circuit is on the isolated side of the PSU (and
therefore no opto-isolator on the voltage feedback loop),
transformer-coupled to the chopper transistors (DEC were fond of doing
this), but I wouldn't assume that without checking
The circuit you've found sounds like something designed to blow the fuse
(or at least shut the supply down) if there's a problem. Maybe part of
the crowbar cirucit (although I wouldn't have thought that shorting the
input would shut the outputs down fast enough), maybe something to blow
the fuse if the input votlage selector is set incorrectly (the HP
Integral PSU contains a triac circuit the sole purpose of which is to
blow the mains fuse if machine is connected to 230V mains with the
selector set to 115V).
  I think what I'd do there is connect a light
bulb in place of the
 resistor (say a normal 100W mains bulb, which should be OK for testing on
 light/no load), then pull the chopper transistors and power up. If the
 bulb lights brightly you've probably got a short in the
 rectifier/smoothing capacitor stage.  
 OK, with the chopper array disconnected (plus everything downstream of
 it) the bulb lights very brightly when power's initially applied, then
 gradually extinguishes over a period of about 5 seconds. DC output from
 the rectifier is 300V. Possible dried-out smoothing cap? The bridge 
 
Maybe OK. It could just be the charging current of the smoothing caps
(they'll cahrage a lot more slowly with the lamp in series). Now what
happens if you add the choppers?
-tony