Jason McBrien wrote:
I vaguely remember reading somewhere that Brazil had
really odd rules
concerning computers for a while. In the 1980's, in an effort to create a
local computer industry, the government banned imports of computers.
That is an extremely popular misconception, even among those who
actually lived through the infamous "reserved market" policy. Due to the
huge foreign debt crises, all imports were banned in Brazil at that
time: from cars to chocolate bars. What was unique about computers was
that in addition to imports being illegal, foreign companies were
forbidden from making micro or minicomputers locally (either for local
sales or for exports). Long established companies such as IBM and
Burroughs continued to make their mainframes.
This
made it somewhat difficult to get the industry started. There were all
kinds of clones and knock-offs being produced for a while.
It wasn't the industry that I would have liked to see, but since the
whole world standardized on PC clones not as much damage was done as I
had feared. In retrospect, I see that the lack of venture capital and
the huge economic turmoil created a situation where all of the
reasonably funded companies had people from outside the industry in
charge. If you want to imagine how bad that can be, think of what result
you would have if you made someone from Pepsi or Nabisco president of a
US computer company ;-)
Another negative factor was that the rules were made for minicomputers
and didn't take a third party software industry into account. Copyright
was only extended to software in late 1987. With nothing but piracy
(importing software was illegal, but copying it was not) a clone has a
tremendous advantage over an original design (like the ones I worked
on).
Brazil had a very weak semiconductor industry, with the bulk of it being
one small factory by Texas Instruments and another one being built by
Ford. The government killed that off, in exchange for promises of
private investment in locally owned factories. That didn't work out well
(Brazil has never had a semiconductor factory since) but at least the
"no import" rule was never extended to components.
But in terms of revenues, the local industry did grow from scratch to an
impressive size by the end of the 1980s. A lot of companies were killed
off in the increasing economic mess, so practically all that were still
around when the reserved market policy ended in 1992 are still with us
(another popular misconception is that in 1993 the foreign companies
swept in and killed all the locals).
I don't think many of those Unitrons where made,
they would probably be
worth a bit of money to a completest collector, but not much to anyone else.
Even most collectors are probably not interested. As for numbers,
Unitron never got the permission to sell since Apple applied government
to government pressure to keep that from happening. There is one Unitron
partner who likes to give interviews saying they had a warehouse with
300 machines ready to ship. I really doubt that and have indications
that the actual number of prototypes was below 60. But since this was an
active development project, there were many variations.
One was the "Turbo Mac" which used the PAL equations I designed (not
reveresed engineered as many texts claim) instead of the Apple ones
(cloned through reverse engineering), as I described in
http://www.merlintec.com/lsi/mac512.html
There were variations with two internal floppies (like the link
Alexandre gave), but most had just one like the original Mac. Some
floppies didn't have the mechanical eject button, but most did. A few
had black keycaps and mouse button, while others are closer to the
original in color. Almost all have EPROMs copied from the Apple ROMs,
but a few have an expansion board with RAM that is loaded at boot time
and which runs the software that Rainer Brockerhoff was developing. All
of the Unitron boards, as far as I know, have a socket for the SCSI chip
(like a Plus) but it is unlikely that more than one or two prototypes
had the actual chip and the software to use it. I saw one version which
had an external 9 inch monitor and looked like a tiny PC.
When the analog board of my Unitron machine went bad, I had to take it
apart anyway and so took some pictures of the inside. You can see those
and other material related to the project as the files with "unitron" in
their name at
http://www.merlintec.com/download/
-- Jecel