Hi,
I have designed products using 150F 2.7 volts caps, and like a lot of these
things the devil is in the details. The supercaps take a while to charge --
we limit the current to 2 amps. The charge is not like most capacitors --
they have a sort of dielectric soak effect, where charge doesn't reach the
remote areas for a while -- maybe 10's of minutes. We use them down to
0.5volts, and would like to go lower, but it's hard work.
Simply turn joules into watts for x seconds to work out the energy
available. In practice we get 300 joules out of the 550 stored in the above
capacitor -- the rest is lost to self discharge, the bit below 0.5volts,
convertor losses when the voltage gets low, convertor losses stepping up to
3.3 volts etc. The normal discharge and charge curves are quite different
on these supercaps -- due to all this hidden energy.
From memory the simple formulas were JoulesNeeded =
(VoltageWorking +
VoltageMinimum)/2 * LoadCurrent * Time. In my case
(2.7+0.5)/2*0.05amps*1800seconds = 144 joules needed.
Then Capacitance = 2 * VoltageWorking * LoadCurrent * Time /
(VoltageWorking^2 - VoltageMinimum^2), in this case 41 Farads.
Factor in a whole lot of losses and I needed 150 - 170 Farads to give 50mA
for 30 minutes.
The really neat trick would be to have put two in series -- CV^2 helps here,
because (obviously) the capacitance halves, but the voltage squares. I
played around for ages trying to balance the charge on the two caps --
isolated chargers -- the whole bit, but never got anything to work whose
self discharge current wasn't more than the gain from having 5.4 volts.
Maybe we're drifting too far off topic. For how
long could
such a capacitor, fully charged, keep a ZX80 running, assuming
a 100% efficient inverter?
Antonio
[*] ISTR a problem stated in an old issue of an IEE magazine:
Take an oil filled jar used as a capacitor of capacitance C.
Charge it to voltage V. Disconnect the voltage source. Drain the
oil into an identical capacitor (initially uncharged). Describe
the final disposition of charges, voltages, energy, anything else
that takes your fancy.
Intrigued by this -- any answers ?
Regards,
Gavin Melville.