No C011 or C012 link adapter chip ? 
[inspecting card]
 Yes, there is an IMSC012P. 
 
OK, that's the interface between the transputer serial links and the
ISA bus. A transputer can be set up to boot from a link, that is
to download software over a link after reset. So the PC can
provide all the software for the transputer.
  > > Are there no other headers or connectors on
the board.
 > There is a 24 pin IDC header. The bush button and the 5-pin connector on
 > the bracket are connected to that 24 pin header by a cable. Only 4 out
 > of the 24 pins are used. 
Do you mean that only 4 pins in the socket (on the end of the cable) are
wired, or that there are only 4 traces on the PCB going to the header. If
the latter then I have no idea why, if the former then I would guess all
the transputer links, etc, are on that header and that one of them is
brought out to the 5 pin socket on the bracket.
-tony