Standard Disclaimer: It's been 30 years since
I've done such
calculations, so,
if I still have the concepts right:
Given a B+ (cathode-plate differential) of 200V, an electron
accelerated from
velocity of 0 at the cathode, to the plate, will have acquired 200
electron-Volts
(eV) of energy when it hits the plate.
Circumventing force/acceleration calculations and simply going
backwards from the
energy/mass/velocity relationship:
Given the mass of an electron and now knowing it's kinetic energy, we
can calculate
the final velocity of the electron when it hit the plate (with a
conversion factor
inserted to convert eV to Joules (m^2Kg/s^2):
E = m v^2 / 2
v = sqrt( 2E / m )
= sqrt( 2 (200 eV) (1.6e-19 (m^2Kg/s^2)/eV) / (9.1e-31 Kg) )
= ~ 8,400,000 m/S
Supposing the plate-cathode distance is 3 mm, and given the average
velocity over
that distance is half the final velocity since the electron started at
0:
t = d / (v/2)
= 0.003 m / ( (8.4e6 m/S) / 2 )
= ~ 0.7 nS
.. seems valid perhaps .. Of course, it's not really the cathode-to-
plate time
that matters, but the grid-to-plate time (for amplifying tubes), but
anyways..
Seems plausible. If you take a "lighthouse" tube, the cathode to plate
distance is smaller and the voltages higher, so they are good up to 3
GHz or so.
Another consideration: velocity modulation. The changing grid voltage
changes the electron speed, and if the transit time is a significant
fraction of the signal period, you end up with the electrons clumping
together. For "regular" tubes that sort of behavior is undesirable and
will make for strange results. (For klystrons, it's how they work,
which is why those are good for microwave amplifiers.)
paul