The reason I asked is that over on comp.lang.c++
someone basically
 asserted that *all* desktop and server OS software was written in C, so
 I was trying to think of other OSes (whether current or not) that
 weren't written in C to drive home the point that LMW is not the entire
 world. (LMW = linux, mac, windows) 
Various older examples have been posted; I'll add a few:
PRIMOS was written primarily in FORTRAN, with assembler for the lowest
level stuff.  Later, PL/1 derivatives designed for systems work became
the favorites.  Later yet, some bits were written in Modula.
Multics was primarily in PL/1.
IIRC there was something earlier written in BCPL.
For current systems, z/VM has substantial amounts of PL/S or its
descendants, which I believe is another PL/1-derived systems language,
and of course assembler.  The VM TCP/IP stack was originally written in
Pascal.  Ada and Coral 66 (and probably Jovial, $deity help us) are
still being used in the military space.
Depending on your definitions, things like the Forth in Sun ROMs might
be counted.
De