Most all CNC controls today have Ethernet interfaces, and have means
(FTP or CIFS access to files on a fileserver share) to copy programs to
the control.
Many controls nowadays also have USB ports, so you can put program(s) on
thumb drives and copy them onto the control that way.
Earlier controls had RS-232 ports. I wrote a system on a PC running
FreeBSD Linux using Perl (a very early version) that would send and
receive programs to all of the controls in the shop over RS-232. I used
a SCSI terminal server box from Central Data that hooked up to the PC
over a SCSI channel, and provided 16 RS-232 serial ports that went out
to all of the machines. Amazingly enough, this thing is still in
service (in a shop environment) after over 15 years, providing an easy
way to load programs on some of the older controls.
I remember the first "NC" machine (no computer inside, so it wasn't CNC)
that my Dad's shop had. It was a Rambaudi Vertical Mill. The control
was made by Wang Laboratories. It used paper tape, in EIA code. A
Friden Flexowriter was used to prepare tapes. The X, Y and Z motors
weren't steppers, they were servos with resolvers attached to make a
closed loop system, a very curious mix of analog and digital. The
control was all transistorized...no ICs. For a project for school, my
Dad gave me blueprints for a part that they had been contracted to make,
and I wrote the program (very simple drilling/tapping on a flat block of
steel) to make the part. It worked first time. I think I was in 5th or
6th grade, can't remember for sure).
I remember one machine, it was a lathe, that had a control that had an
industrial PDP 8/e in it, with blinky lights and switches (red and
blue). I was really upset with my Dad when the machine was taken out of
the commission (it simply wore out and wasn't worth repairing), and they
called a scrapper to come get it, control and all.
It is truly amazing how far machining technology has come in a
relatively short time.
Rick Bensene
The Old Calculator Museum
http://oldcalculatormuseum.com