>>>> "Gordon" == Gordon JC Pearce
<gordon(a)gjcp.net> writes: 
 Gordon> Obviously, the higher the resolution, the slower the
 Gordon> conversion.  Most A-D converters (and I'm sure many, if not
 Gordon> most of you know this) use "successive approximation" to
 Gordon> derive the correct value - get a D-A converter and a
 Gordon> comparator, then loop through "toggle the MSB, is it too high
 Gordon> or too low?  Toggle the next bit, too high or too low?" all
 Gordon> the way down.  You get "flash" converters for video (or you
 Gordon> used to) which were 32 or 64 individual comparators and
 Gordon> voltage references, and some encoding logic to give you a
 Gordon> binary output.  Overkill really, but very, very fast.  If you
 Gordon> found a fast 6-bit flash converter cheaply, that may well be
 Gordon> enough resolution for your track scanner.  We're not going
 Gordon> for Dolby Digital quality here...
Flash converters certainly go up to 8 bits, perhaps more by now.
Also, modern SAR converters are often hybrids -- flash for the high
order bits, SAR tweak for the low order bits.
Then there are sigma-delta converters, particularly well suited for
very high resolution at relatively modest speeds.
"Relatively modest" is subject to change.  I just saw an Analog
Devices ad describing their new 2 megasample per second 18 bit SAR
converter, and a 20 bit S-D converter at 2.5 megasamples.  I don't
suppose those are "relatively cheap" though...
        paul