Not too sure what I did with mine, but is cannot find
the activation Key info. I'm trying to get a old Wyse
LoadStar 286 Xenix box going and this version seems
to be able to handle the serial port as console. I can't
get any of the other versions I have to take the serial
port as console they all switch as they boot or error
when the run hardware tests.
Mine disks have a part number on it of 12866, not sure if this
means anything. (Xenix Sys V release 2.2 version 286AT)
The Wyse LoadStar is just a 286 PC with special ROMs. and no
Video card or Key board.
- Jerry
Here is part of an oral history I recorded with Steve Russel last
August which discusses how the Spacewar! program works internally.
Exerpt of an oral history of Steve Russell
August 2008
CHM Reference Number X4970.2008
(C) 2008 Computer History Museum
Russell: Anyway, the PDP-1 arrived, and Marvin Minsky wrote the tripos
demonstration, generally called the Minskytron, and there was the famous weekend
where the mob of undergraduates transcribed the macro assembler from TX-0 to the
PDP-1, because they didn't like FRAP. And then fairly quickly thereafter, they
wrote DDT and connected up the macro symbols to DDT. So that was all sort of in
place by the middle of the fall of 1961. And the combination of the Minskytron and
having DDT with interactive debugging with symbols was very tempting. I don't
remember the exact order of things, but I'm pretty sure I started talking up a better
demonstration program than the Minskytron, and eventually, Alan Kotok went up
to Maynard and collected the sine and cosine routines from DECUS, presented
them to me, and said, "Okay, here are the sine and cosine routines; now what's your
excuse?" And I discovered I had run out of excuses; I had to actually think. And so
I started work and figured out the basic trick of Spacewar! display which is that you
only need to calculate a unit vector pointing in the direction of the spaceship. And
you can express everything else the spaceship does, and the outline of the spaceship
in terms of that unit vector, suitably scaled. So it's basically a lot of addition in the
usual program upkeep.
Kossow: Do you want to just give an overview, then, of how Spacewar! actually
works?
Russell: It's one big loop, and the loop is on the displayable objects. And I called
them displayable objects, although I didn't know about object orientation or object-
oriented programming at the time.
Kossow: So you have the sun--
Russell: Colliding objects, not displayable objects. The colliding object is a space
ship, there are two of those. And that has a lot of extra data with it. It shares the
position and velocity tables with all of the torpedoes and explosions that are running
around. So there's just one big loop through the colliding objects, and it looks at all
the higher-numbered colliding objects to see if there's a collision, using an octagon
because you don't need to calculate the square root of anything, you can do that by
work on X difference, Y difference, and X+Y difference--
Kossow: So the bounding box for the collision detection is an octagon?
Russell: Yes. So it goes through, it sees if this object is colliding with any higher-
numbered object. If it is, it replaces the calculation routines. That's another thing
that every colliding object has, is a calculation routine. It replaces the calculation
routine with the explosion calculation routine. And then things take care of
themselves. Then, after it's decided whether it's an explosion or not, it goes off to
the calculation routine. And the calculation routine updates the position, since all
colliding objects have velocity; and if it's a spaceship, it worries about reading the
controls and updating the other things about the spaceship in deciding whether to
launch a torpedo or not. And if a torpedo needs to be launched, it searches up the
colliding object table for an empty slot, indicated by having no calculation routine.
It searches up the table for an empty slot, puts a torpedo calculation routine there,
and the spaceship position plus the suitable increments, so it won't run into its
torpedo, and of the velocity of the spaceship plus an increment for the torpedo, and
it goes on. When that the main loop gets done, you go off and do some star display
and display the sun, and calculate -- and part of the spaceship calculation is to
calculate the effect of gravity on the spaceship. Originally, there wasn't any gravity,
and I had an interpreter, which interpreted the outline description, and Dan
Edwards, sometime in late 1961 or early 1962, looked at that code and decided if he
could write a special purpose compiler which would compile precisely the right
code, and proceeded to. And there's one compiled outline for each spaceship; each
spaceship actually does half of the spaceship outline and then you twiddle the
vectors and do the other half. That keeps the display running just as fast as it can.
That gives time to calculate the effect of gravity on the two spaceships, but not on
the torpedoes. So we decided that they were photon torpedoes not affected by
gravity.
Kossow: So when the explosion routine starts, it continues calculating motion, so
the explosion moves?
Russell: Yes. If you see two spaceships collide, if you watch closely, you will see
that there are two explosions that continue off in the direction that the two
spaceships were going. There is another number in the table for all colliding
objects, which is the size. And this is, roughly speaking, proportional to the amount
of computing it takes to compute that object. And at the end of the loop, as you go
through the main loop, you accumulate the sizes also; and so at the end of the loop,
there's fritter away time loop that attempts to keep the frame rate approximately
constant. It doesn't do a wonderful job; it's visually adequate, but God help you
when you try to take a movie of it.
Kossow: One of the complaints with all modern kids trying to play it now is
that it's TOO SLOW.
Russell: Kids who are used to something like Asteroids seem to think that. But
when we do the demos, we get a number of people who seem to be still quite
addicted to it with the old, slow version. Now, that was always a complaint; the
reason that all the parameters got accumulated in the first page of the listing, which
says you can put that first page of the listing of the console, and anyone who wanted
to try a different set of parameters could. But the ones that were compiled in or
assembled in were the ones that I thought were good. Now it turns out I'm not a
representative arcade game player, and so my version of the parameters is slower
and gives more opportunity for marksmanship than the arcade version.
Kossow: Right, that's the whole thing with gravity and doing the, what's that called,
where you whip around the sun? Does it have a name, where you whip around the
sun and you shoot?
Russell: The closest name is the "CBS maneuver" is what happens when two lazy
experts fight each other, which is they both turn at right angles to the sun, and fire
for 3.5 or 4 seconds, so they're now in stable orbits, and they know it. And then they
turn at each other and start trying to place torpedoes where they think the other one
is going to be. And so the trails turn into an eye around the sun, and CBS used that
as a logo, so it got called the "CBS maneuver". You can-- one of the spaceships can
go the other way around the sun, so that both ships meet on the same side of the
sun. But that seems usually to have less chance of winning. Not much less, but
somewhat less.
Kossow: It's better that you stay on opposite sides, then?
Russell: Yes.
Kossow: And then at some point, you added hyperspace?
Russell: Yes, and we realized that that was going-- I don't remember whether we
actually had it. I may have had it for a little while with no limit, but it became very
clear that someone who didn't understand could use hyperspace to escape their
proper justice forever, and so we added the unreliability of hyperfield generators
very quickly. One thing that Asteroids and the arcade versions, the later arcade
versions of Spacewar! added, which actually was a big help, especially with their
high acceleration rates, was "training mode" where space was actually viscous. So
if you got your ship accelerated so that it was going across the screen so fast you
couldn't understand what was going on, if you took your hands off, the situation
would gradually become understandable. I don't think I would have been persuaded
to do that in the original Spacewar! because it was unrealistic. But it definitely
made it easier to learn.
Kossow: So are there any other favorite anecdotes about Spacewar!, or just the
spread of Spacewar!?
Russell: Well, the "imitation is the sincerest form of flattery"-- many people saw
Spacewar! as, some people ask for copies of the source, and of course we gave them
out because we very briefly considered trying to sell Spacewar!. We realized the
only possible customer was Digital Equipment, and we also, on a little reflection,
that they were too cheap to do it. So we gave it out to anyone who wanted it, and
some people got the listing and thought about it, and by reading it-- a lot of people
simply saw the game and had a computer that wasn't the PDP-1 but did have a
display, and implemented Spacewar! their own way. I suspect most of them figured
out the "basic trick", but I'm not sure.
Kossow: What "basic trick" were you thinking of?
Russell: That you could do everything based on the spaceship unit vector. How are
you fixed for the source code for different implementations of Spacewar!?
Kossow: We have a few. I don't know if we have the PDP-10 version. We have the
12 version, and I think we have a PDP-7 version.
Russell: I think Bob Saunders wrote the PDP-7 version. I think one 6 version
simply ran on the PDP-1 simulator. I think there must have been others, but I don't
know. Something for some history grad student to pursue. When we were running a
demo for the Yelp event, there was one woman who had done Spacewar! in turtle
graphics as a high school programming project, which she wasn't too happy with.
She seemed to like the demo of the original Spacewar!.
Kossow: So turtle graphics running on a micro or something like that?
Russell: I didn't quiz her. I didn't have the opportunity to quiz her further.
Kossow: So she thought this version was better?
Russell: No, she just thought it was nice to see the original.
Kossow: So she was in her mid-20s?
Russell: 20s or early 30s; probably 20s. The DEC field service story where the
DEC production people got into the practice of loading Spacewar! the last thing
before PDP-1 shipped, and field service would then unpack it, make sure that
nothing horrible had happened, tryed turning on power, and starting Spacewar!.
And if it worked, they would call the customer over and say, "See, it works." If it
didn't work, then they'd worry about it. In the restoration project, we had a little
reflection and we decided that probably if Spacewar! works, just about everything
works, as far as machine instructions go. It doesn't guarantee all the I/O gear works,
but it does multiply and divides, and just about every instruction. So a lot of people
implemented Spacewar! just from knowing that it existed and having seen it maybe
once.
Hi all,
I bet somebody has some documents from this toy.
I am starting to think about christmas, and all sorts of mechanical computers and toys.
One of the other fun computer tricks I recall, is using 3x5 cards. You can punch a row of holes in the top edge, and selectivley cut slots thru to the top.
So, a deck of cards with numbers on them, and appropriately cut slots, you can sort the deck with a pen, a binary sort by lifting the cards (its a bubble sort)
What other kid ideas do you guys have?
I'm going to bring a stepper controlled etch a sketch.
Randy
_________________________________________________________________
Color coding for safety: Windows Live Hotmail alerts you to suspicious email.
http://windowslive.com/Explore/Hotmail?ocid=TXT_TAGLM_WL_hotmail_acq_safety…
> From: "William Donzelli" <wdonzelli at gmail.com>
> Subject: Re: Computer Shopper scans?
> No, not that newsprint crap. It will start disintegrating within 50
> years, and the costs associated with acid paper stabilization are very
> high. I see how the hobby publications of the 1940s are falling apart
> now, and Computer Shopper is in the same danger.
And thus all my friends' paperback collections literally turning to dust.
> Like it, or (mostly) not, Computer Shopper
> is a very important slice of computing history.
I'm not so sure of that.
It's not a scholarly journal such as the Journal of the ACM,
but it shows the state of the art for hobbyist & business machines,
such as price & capacity of hard drives, CPU, RAM,
when certain peripherals were ubiquitious, etc.
Some of the ads were memorable,
particularly for things that didn't happen as anticipated.
It also listed BBSs, which was the only way for
online/virtual communities before the Internet
and well-connected services such as GEnie, Prodigy, Delphi, BIX, ...
Hello,
Sometime back you posted looking for info on the Kontron EPP-80 EPROM programmer. I have such a unit, but need to find a manual and fellow users. I'd appreciate if you can drop me a quick note with anything you know.
thanks,
Mike
Hi Paul,
Sorry for the direct email, but I have missed the beginning of your thread regarding the PDP-8/e and terminals in West Sussex.
Is any of the equipment available?
I ask on behalf of the Centre for Computing History in Suffolk.
See : www.computinghistory.org.uk
Sorry if this email is out of place.
Kind Regards
Jason Fitzpatrick
-----Original Message-----
From: paul at frixxon.co.uk
Sent: Sat, 8 Nov 2008 11:00:35 -0000 (UTC)
To: cctalk at classiccmp.org
Subject: Re: DECmateIII (was Re: PDP-8/e and terminals in West Sussex, UK)
> Ethan Dicks wrote:
>> On Thu, Nov 06, 2008 at 05:53:03AM -0800, Julian Skidmore wrote:
>>>
>>> You also have what looks very much like a DecMate in the bottom, left
>>> of:
>>> http://hisdeedsaredust.com/pdp/04112008377.jpg
>
> The grey box there ? It looks like a tk50, or just scsi drive enclosure.
> There is an SCSI terminator on it ...
You're right, it is a TK50. I accidentally responded off-list to Julian.
Hi Paul,
You also have what looks very much like a DecMate in the bottom, left of:
http://hisdeedsaredust.com/pdp/04112008377.jpg
Of course, that's another pdp-8! I have a DecMate III which I picked
up at a Radio Rally, but it doesn't have an RX50, so I can't get
it to do anything, apart from display its bios screen.
-cheers from julz @P
Thanks for the replies.
I have a VT520 that I use as much as possible! However, sitting in front
of the TV of an evening I was looking for an emulator capable of
accessing some of the forms related software on my DEC Alpha 3000/600
such as DECforms and All-in-1. Both use double wide/high fonts which
don't work well with most terminal emulators. I did have a serial
connection to the attic at one time and used a VT terminal for a while,
but having a VT terminal in the lounge is maybe taking the 'hobby' a
little too far in my wife's eyes!
Anyway, I have answered my own question: IVT. Available free at
http://www.softwarevoordelig.nl/en/ I was amazed at (a) how well it
worked and (b) what a quality piece of software it is. I recommend it.
Regards, Mark.
Julian Skidmore <julianskidmore at yahoo.com> wrote:
> Hi folks,
>
> So who's taking the populated pdp8/m?
>
> Since Peter Turnbull is taking the pdp8/e and a pdp8/m is only an
> OEM pdp8/e with less slots; I'm wondering if the pdp8/m should go
> to another University.
Actually, the 8/m is the OEM of the 8/f.
There are more differences between the 8/e and 8/m and 8/f than just
less slots, but the differences aren't normally that relevant.
I think I still have both an 8/m and an 8/f around in my basement.
Johnny
It appears that I'm the only person on this list who doesn't want a
PDP-8/E! Thanks for all the responses -- too many to respond to
individually. I managed to get the PDP-8/E in my car yesterday, with a bit
of huffing and puffing. A new home has now been found for it, where I am
told it will be put on display at least annually.
I was surprised that I didn't know that we had one on site before it was
disposed of because I'm always hunting around the labs for interesting
kit. It appears to have been part of some automated test equipment made by
GenRad. There were GenRad boxes in the skip and the 8/E has some "General
Radio" stickers on it.
This morning, I've found two PDP-8/M boxes. One of them is populated, and
the other one appears to be almost empty (so it's now just a pretty front
panel, or a source of switches for repairing the other one).
I've put some photos of the 8/E and the two 8/Ms on a web site. I was
going to do the flickr thing but I'm trying to do real work as well, so I
apologise for the pics being uncropped and rather large.
http://hisdeedsaredust.com/pdp/
You'll see two pictures of my storage unit as it was at lunchtime. This
needs to be clear by the end of the month. Eek!
If you'd like either or both of the 8/Ms (bearing in mind, as I said, that
only one of them has any boards in), make me an offer. You will have to
come and collect them from Crawley, so please don't ask me to ship them.
> At 06:24 AM 10/8/2008, William Maddox wrote:
>>This isn't my auction, and I don't know the seller. This thing
>>is totally over the top, however, for lots of screens and buttons.
>>Looks like the helmsman's station for a starship. It's in
>>Mineapolis, and, as of this writing, its $9.99 with no bids.
>
> Dutch!
>
> http://www.science.uva.nl/museum/aesthedes.html
>
> - John
>
>
>
Haha, that's interesting, the middle & right monitor shows
(at least for us here in NL) a very familiar logo,
the one from Heineken Beer.
Ed
> From: "Mike Hatch" <mike at brickfieldspark.org>
> Subject: Re: [personal] Poll (was Re: PDP-8/e and terminals in West
> Sussex, UK)
>
>
>> 1962 ICT 1301 (includes CR,CP and LP) + 5 off TM4 Ampex tape
>> transport +
>> paper tape used once a fortnight for a day except in winter
>> (Germanium
>> hates cold)
> Ampex TM4's seems to be used by a lot of systems, we had them on the
> SDS9300, ICL gave me a job purely to repair TM4's on their
> contracted LEO
> III's.
>
>> c1963 ICT 1301 (includes CR,CP and LP) + 5 off TM4 Ampex tape
>> transport.
>> Dismantled 30 years ago. Sold and will be picked up for a new
>> computer
>> museum's centrepiece on Tuesday.
> Which museum ?
Its not open yet but it is in the far north west of England, I don't
think I can say much more than that, I don't want to steal their
thunder.
Roger.
Does anyone know of any computers based on the Fairchild 9440 / 9445
cpu?
Rob
ps. Google wasn't being my friend.
Rob Borsuk
email: rborsuk at colourfull.com
Colourfull Creations
Web: http://www.colourfull.com
I have some VAXstations available for those that are interested...
1 x VAXstation 3100 (M30)
1 x VAXstation 4100 (M40) missing 'door' for front bays
2 x VAXstation 3100 M38
2 x VAXstation 3100 M76
all have 8 plane graphics except for the M30 (or was it the M40?).
all have 8M of RAM.
Other than the 4100 and one M38, these systems are in excellent
cosmetic condition (may require some cleaning). The M40 has
plastic 'issues' (missing front bay door, some hidden cracks), and
an M76 has a 2" scratch in the top. One of the M38's top doesn't
look like it fits as good as on the other M38 and is a bit more
dinged up. Other than that and that most require some cleaning,
they are in excellent condition.
Systems do not have hard drives. I do have 1G and 2G 50 pin
SCSI drives available though (non DEC).
Add 1G drives at $10 each, Add 2G drives at $15 each.
If you are interested in a specific one, please make an offer.
I'll likely be listing these on eBay depending on interest here.
Buyer will be actual shipping plus $5 to cover packing materials.
-- Curt
A while back there was talk about maybe having a database of who had what
and where, in the way of hardware, software, documentation and expertise;
any further thoughts on that?
mike
On 6 Nov, 2008, at 04:34, cctalk-request at classiccmp.org wrote:
>
> Message: 18
> Date: Wed, 05 Nov 2008 17:14:51 -0600
> From: Jules Richardson <jules.richardson99 at gmail.com>
> Subject: Re: PDP-8/e and terminals in West Sussex, UK
> To: General Discussion: On-Topic and Off-Topic Posts
> <cctalk at classiccmp.org>
> Message-ID: <491228EB.1080000 at gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15; format=flowed
>
> Chuck Guzis wrote:
>> Tony Duell wrote:
>>
>>> What do people consider to be the 'holy grails' of classic computer
>>> collecting?
>>
>> Do people collect CPUs that no longer have peripherals or are bereft
>> of any sort of software?
>>
>> If so, what is done with them, other than to use them as doorstops?
>
> Collect enough and they do help save on heating bills - there's less
> free open
> space in your house to need heating :-)
>
> (It'd be interesting to do a poll on how many systems each of us
> here has, and
> how many hours a year each of those systems actually gets run for -
> I suspect
> the results would be quite disturbing!)
My computers:
1962 ICT 1301 (includes CR,CP and LP) + 5 off TM4 Ampex tape transport
+ paper tape used once a fortnight for a day except in winter
(Germanium hates cold)
c1963 ICT 1301 (includes CR,CP and LP) + 5 off TM4 Ampex tape
transport. Dismantled 30 years ago. Sold and will be picked up for a
new computer museum's centrepiece on Tuesday.
c1977 UK 101 Bought new but not turned on for 20 years
c1980 Apple 2 last used about 15 years ago
c1983 Apple 2e last used about 10 years ago
Apple 3 and profile, not used since it broke in service and not deemed
to be worth fixing
Lisa 2 and various old Macintoshes. Powered up now and again, mainly
to access data stored in old formats/on old media. Average probably
once in 5 years each.
Titanium PowerBook, used to play Civilisation 2 and a few other games
about twice a year for a few days, usually Christmas or when I am sick.
MacBook Pro everyday machine.
It is perhaps interesting to compare with my old non computer items:
ASR33 used 3 months ago
Flexowriter with wide carriage and reader and punches for either
regular paper tape or thin fanfold card. Last used about 10 years ago
but hopefully soon to be restored.
IBM 836 keypunch with I/O and programmable patch panel, originally
connected to above Flexowriter as a tape to card and card to tape
transfer but I stupidly did not buy the cables or even the plugs.
- I need patch cables and control drum for this too if anyone has
any. Feeds cards but will not punch or print, need to fix the punching
very soon.
Sumlock comptometer, used by my late Aunt for doing people's accounts
about 10 years ago.
Mechanical calculator. Works but not used for 10 years.
1974 Sharp calculator. 21st birthday present, still used every couple
of days.
1890s Cash register, left here by previous owner of the farm, never
used but good to look at.
Edison dictating machine and player machines. Looks to be 19th
century. Not used since my father bought them in the 1950s as he did
not have a skimming machine for the cylinders.
1964 Rover car. Last week turned engine over and operated clutch to
stop it seizing but would not start.
1966 Rover, 1969 Daimler, 1987 BMW, 1993 Jaguar. Used daily in rotation.
1972 Land Rover One Ton, used about 4 times a year, like when the snow
is a foot thick or as a truck when setting up my classic car show.
1998 Daimler Supercharged 4 litre. Was used in rotation with the above
but now produces copious steam - presumably a cylinder head gasket
failure which I don't have time to fix.
Victorian oak table which extends to about 20 feet long by 7 feet
wide. Was not used for 40+ years but I got it restored and now used
regularly as my company's board room table, but still belongs to me
and my parents.
Hey all;
I've been wanting to do some video capturing from an SGI and have been
trying to work out the 'best way' (or, perhaps, the EASIEST way) of doing
it. The video I'm capturing is prior to the OS coming up (waffling around
the Command Monitor, etc), so I can't have the system itself help me out.
If I had some LCD panels which spoke SGI I would simply sit a DV cam in
front of the LCD and record it - the quality should be acceptable - but I
don't (LCD since CRTs would have flicker, of course, when recorded). Plus,
I'd quite like to source video from Suns and other machinery.
I imagine there really -isn't- a catch-all solution, but I'd love to have
the thoughts of the Geek Masses. I've never done video capture before in
any form, and have little experience with working with video at all to be
honest, so anything would help.
Many thanks;
- JP
Collective wisdom,
I need a terminal emulator for the DEC VT series of terminals, from VT200 upwards. This is to connect to an OpenVMS box running All-In-1, so it needs to support double width/height characters and be a fairly good emulation. Most 'vt compatible' terminals appear to not be up to the job.
Does any one have any suggestions please? Even better if it supports soft font downloads so I can use APL aswell.
I've got access to Windows and Linux boxes.
Many thanks, Mark
Hi folks,
So who's taking the populated pdp8/m?
Since Peter Turnbull is taking the pdp8/e and a pdp8/m is only an
OEM pdp8/e with less slots; I'm wondering if the pdp8/m should go
to another University.
I'd be willing to drag it to Manchester - would it fit in my fourtwo ;-)
?
In my case I'd try and see if Manchester University or MOSI would be
interested.
Man Uni would be a good target - since they created the first stored-
program computer in 1948 and still has luminaries such as Steve Furber
(who headed the team who developed the ARM). Moreover, I remember when
I was there, there was an ORIGINAL pdp-8 standing in a corner on the
first floor of the Kilburn building.
MOSI would be a good target - since they house the reproduction of the
the 1948 Baby.
The second question of course is what to do with all these machines.
I know Peter wants to put a demo OS on it and some demo software
(CHKMOV ? / pdp8- music?). But is this the best way forward? I've
seen some of the Bletchley Park videos, but frankly most of them look
quite boring; certainly not as good as the YouTube series on
programming the pdp11 where the student travels back in time to see
how hard it was to develop and debug in the early 70s.
How do you get students interested for more than 5 minutes in machines
that 'can't' do anything ;-) ? How do you pass on and formalise the
knowledge needed to maintain and preserve these relics?
It seems to me that using the machines themselves (or replicas) would be
a way forward. Museum or University courses where a team of students
is assembled to recreate or restore an ancient mini and program their
own demos. A 3 hour evening class once a week with a team of 10 would
provide 3*10*40 = 1200 man-hours of experience....
-cheers from julz @P
Reflection?? from WRQ software is a nice suite for Windows.
You can occasionally find it on e-bay for a decent price.
Depending on the version you find, it will emulate:
VT52, VT102, VT400, etc.
Newer versions include SCO-ANSI, ADDS VP2, Wyse 50+, Wyse 60,
DG215, Unisys T27, and AT386
I'm using "Version 10 for Unix and Digital" . . .?
It has a built-in visual basic scriping language, which is really cool.
I use that functionality daily. . . .
T