Early Programming Books

[Chuck Guzis]

Going back to the time around 1960, I'd like to venture the opinion that
most data processing of the time was performed with unit-record
equipment. That is, sorters, reproducing punches, interpreters,
accounting machines, etc., none of which were programmed by "software",
but by wiring plugboards or selecting operation from fixed controls.

Perhaps there were instructional tests in that area.   After all, card
sorters pretty much operate on the same principles.

--Chuck