[cctalk] Re: The transistor invention

So much has changed since then. First was the doped gemanium junctions. Silicon waited until photo and surface defusion started happening. The opening of PMOS and NMOS was when we truly moved from the descrite devices to the complex circuits. The combining of P and N doping brought in CMOS. It was slow but great for low power application. Then the mask creation of self aligned gates brought the speed always waiting in CMOS. The art of making mask that understand the wave nature of light, do the optical corrections need for even tinier dementions. Now UV light is pushing the size of the tiniest transistors. I've held 16 each 64 bit processors on a single piece of silicon of about half the size of my pinky finger's nail. RAM is falling behind but I'm sure that is being worked on. Dwight ________________________________ From: Marc Howard via cctalk &lt;cctalk(a)classiccmp.org&gt; Sent: Friday, October 24, 2025 9:14 PM To: General Discussion: On-Topic and Off-Topic Posts &lt;cctalk(a)classiccmp.org&gt; Cc: Murray McCullough &lt;c.murray.mccullough(a)gmail.com&gt;om>; Marc Howard &lt;cramcram(a)gmail.com&gt; Subject: [cctalk] Re: The transistor invention Ummm, December 16, 1947. Marc On Fri, Oct 24, 2025 at 8:38 PM Murray McCullough via cctalk < cctalk(a)classiccmp.org&gt; wrote: